Study of different types of network cables :-

Coaxial Cables

Invented in the 1880s, "coax" was best known as the kind of cable that connected television sets to home antennas. Coaxial cable is also a standard for 10 MbpsEthernet cables. When 10 Mbps Ethernet was most popular, during the 1980s and early 1990s, networks typically utilized one of two kinds of coax cable - thinnet(10BASE2 standard) or thicknet (10BASE5). These cables consist of an inner copper wire of varying thickness surrounded by insulation and another shielding. Their stiffness caused network administrators difficulty in installing and maintaining thinnet and thicknet.

Twisted Pair Cables

Twisted pair eventually emerged during the 1990s as the leading cabling standard for Ethernet, starting with 10 Mbps (10BASE-T, also known as Category 3 or Cat3), later followed by improved versions for 100 Mbps (100BASE-TX, Cat5, and Cat5e) and successively higher speeds up to 10 Gbps (10GBASE-T). Ethernet twisted pair cables contain up to eight (8) wires wound together in pairs to minimize electromagnetic interference.

Two primary types of twisted pair cable industry standards have been defined: Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted Pair (STP). Modern Ethernet cables use UTP wiring due to its lower cost, while STP cabling can be found in some other types of networks such as Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI).

Fiber Optics

Instead of insulated metal wires transmitting electrical signals, fiber optic network cables work using strands of glass and pulses of light. These network cables are bendable despite being made of glass. They have proven especially useful in wide area network (WAN) installations where long distance underground or outdoor cable runs are required and also in office buildings where a high volume of communication traffic is common.

Two primary types of fiber optic cable industry standards are defined – single-mode(100BaseBX standard) and multimode (100BaseSX standard). Long-distance telecommunications networks more commonly use single-mode for its relatively higher bandwidth capacity, while local networks typically use multimode instead due to its lower cost.

USB Cables

Most Universal Serial Bus (USB) cables connect a computer with a peripheral device (keyboard or mouse) rather than to another computer. However, special network adapters (sometimes called dongles) also allow connecting an Ethernet cable to a USB port indirectly. USB cables feature twisted pair wiring.

Serial and Parallel Cables

Because many PCs in the 1980s and early 1990s lacked Ethernet capability, and USB had not been developed yet, serial and parallel interfaces (now obsolete on modern computers) were sometimes used for PC-to-PC networking. So-called null model cables, for example, connected the serial ports of two PCs enabling data transfers at speeds between 0.115 and 0.45 Mbps.

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Study about the Network IP :-

Networks provide communication between computing devices. To communicate properly, all computer (hosts) on a networkneed to use the same communication protocols. An Internet Protocol network is a network of computerusing Internet Protocol for their communication protocol.

All computer within an IP network must have an IP address that uniquely identifies that individual host. An Internet Protocol-based network (an IP Network) is a group of hosts that share a common physical connection and that use Internet Protocol for network layer communication. The IP addresses in an IP network are contiguous, that is, one address follows right after the other with no gaps.

Address Types in an IP Network:-

Within a given range of IP addresses used in every IP network are special addresses reserved for

• Host Addresses
• Network Addresses
• Broadcast Addresses

In addition, a IP network has a subnet mask. The subnet mask is a value stored one each computerthat allows that computer to identify which IP addresses are within the network to which they are attached, and which IP addresses are on an outside network.

Host address:-

:-A host's IP address is the address of a specific host on an IP network. All hosts on a network must have a unique IP address. This IP address is usually not the first or the last IP address in the range of network IP addresses as the first IP address and last IP address in the range of IP addresses are reserved for special functions. The host addresses are all the addresses in the IP network range of IP addresses except the first and last IP addresses. Host IP addresses allow network hostst to establish one-to-one direct communication. This one-to-one communication is referred to as unicastcommunication.

NOTE:-All host IP addresses can be split into two parts: a network part and a host part.

Network Address

The network address is the first IP address in the range of IP addresses. To be more precise, the network address is the address in which all binary bits in the host portion of the IP address are set to zero. The purpose of the Network Address is to allow hosts that provide special network services to communicate. In practice, the network address is rarely used for communication.

Broadcast Address

The broadcast IP address is the last IP address in the range of IP addresses. To be more precise, the broadcast address is the IP address in which all binary bits in the host portion of the IP address are set to one. The broadcast address is reserved and allows a single host to make an announcement to all hosts on the network. This is called broadcast communication and the last address in a network is used for broadcasting to all hosts because it is the address where the host portion is all ones. This special address also sometimes called the all hosts address. 

Understand: what is an IP Address | What Does it LOOK like ? 

In this short video clip animation you will be knowing some basics about IP address and Subnet mask. IP or Internet Protocol is a part of TCP/IP protocol suit.You can assign Private IP to devices in your home. Your ISP can provide you with a unique IP called Public IP so that you can access Internet.You will also see a visual animation of how data packet transfers from source to destination or simply, how packets travel on network!.

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How to work OSI model layer ?

OSI model table

• 3D animation of The Open Systems Interconnection Model in Computer Networking.

Narration's a little edgy, was reciting it in front of a crowd. I don't talk and pronounce like this anymore.

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